Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

• Light Reactions: The first stage, where light energy is captured and used to produce ATP and NADPH.
• Calvin Cycle: The second stage, where ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbon dioxide into glucose.
• Chlorophyll: The primary pigment involved in photosynthesis, absorbing light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the spectrum.

Photosynthesis is not only crucial for plants but also for all living organisms, as it is the foundation of the food chain and is responsible for the oxygenation of the atmosphere.

• Energy Source: Provides energy-rich glucose for plants, which is then used by other organisms in the food chain.
• Oxygen Production: Releases oxygen as a byproduct, which is essential for the respiration of aerobic organisms.
• Carbon Cycle: Plays a critical role in the carbon cycle by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in organic molecules.